The Birthplace of Critical Minerals

Africa is a treasure trove of critical minerals, vital for powering modern technologies and the global transition to clean energy. The continent holds significant reserves of minerals like cobalt, lithium, graphite, and rare earth elements, which are essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, renewable energy systems, and advanced electronics.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) dominates global cobalt production, accounting for roughly 70% of the world’s supply. Cobalt is a key component in lithium-ion batteries, critical for EVs and energy storage. South Africa and Zimbabwe are major sources of platinum group metals and chromium, used in catalytic converters and stainless-steel production. Lithium deposits in Zimbabwe and Namibia are gaining attention as EV demand grows, while Madagascar and Mozambique supply graphite, a crucial battery anode material.

Rare earth elements are used as permanent magnets in wind turbines and electronic motors and found in countries like South Africa and Malawi. Beyond energy, these minerals are used in aerospace, defence, and consumer electronics, from smartphones to medical devices.

Africa’s mineral wealth, however, faces challenges. Artisanal mining, environmental degradation, and political instability in some regions hinder sustainable extraction. Infrastructure deficits and limited local processing capacity mean much of the value addition currently occurs outside Africa. African countries are increasingly prioritizing local beneficiation - processing minerals domestically to create jobs and boost economies.

Africa’s supply of critical minerals positions it as a pivotal player in global markets. African Nations are forging partnerships with global powers like China, the EU, and the US, all which seek to secure future supply chains.

In conclusion, Africa’s critical minerals are central to the global energy transition and technological advancement. Sustainable mining, local processing, and equitable partnerships will determine how the continent leverages its resources for economic growth and global influence.